{"id":931513,"date":"2024-12-02T14:38:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T13:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/?p=931513"},"modified":"2024-12-02T15:46:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T14:46:43","slug":"tester-procesorov-z80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/?p=931513","title":{"rendered":"Tester procesorov Z80"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dne\u0161n\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok m\u00f4\u017eete \u010d\u00edta\u0165 v\u010faka Martinovi ‚M1‘, ktor\u00fd sa podelil o sk\u00fasenosti s testovan\u00edm na\u0161ich najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch CPU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Milovn\u00edkov historick\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov zasko\u010dila za\u010diatkom tohtoro\u010dnej jari spr\u00e1va<\/a>, \u017ee Zilog po 48 rokoch ukon\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdrobu svojho ikonick\u00e9ho procesora Z80. N\u00e1sledkom tejto inform\u00e1cie zmizli zo skladov ofici\u00e1lnych distrib\u00fatorov z\u00e1soby v\u0161etk\u00fdch procesorov Z80. V\u00fdrobca ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee procesory si m\u00f4\u017eu distrib\u00fatori posledn\u00fd kr\u00e1t objedna\u0165 u\u017e len do polovice j\u00fana 2024. Po nieko\u013ekomesa\u010dnej nedostupnosti Z80 sa v ponuke op\u00e4\u0165 objavili, ale u\u017e za ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu cenu. Rovnako zareagoval aj \u0161ed\u00fd trh a zv\u00fd\u0161enie cien sa dalo postrehn\u00fa\u0165 aj u \u010d\u00ednskych obchodn\u00edkov, pred\u00e1vaj\u00facich procesory v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nezn\u00e1meho p\u00f4vodu a parametrov. N\u00e1kup u tak\u00fdchto obchodn\u00edkov je spojen\u00fd s rizikom, \u017ee nak\u00fapen\u00e9 procesory nebud\u00fa zodpoveda\u0165 tomu, \u010do deklaruje predajca, nako\u013eko ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo nielen procesorov Z80, ale aj in\u00fdch vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fdch \u010dipov, b\u00fdva prezna\u010den\u00fdch a teda s in\u00fdmi ne\u017e o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdmi parametrami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee s\u00e1m vlastn\u00edm nieko\u013eko procesorov Z80 nak\u00fapen\u00fdch v minulosti v \u010c\u00edne, a o niektor\u00fdch som u\u017e mal aj predt\u00fdm pochybnosti, rozhodol som sa otestova\u0165, nako\u013eko sa ich parametre zhoduj\u00fa so zna\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na internete mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 nieko\u013eko verzi\u00ed testerov Z80, ktor\u00e9 si klad\u00fa za \u00falohu zisti\u0165 typ \u010dipu a maxim\u00e1lne pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fa frekvenciu hodinov\u00fdch pulzov. Ja som sa v\u0161ak rozhodol \u00eds\u0165 vlastnou cestou, a pok\u00fasi\u0165 sa otestova\u0165 \u010do najviac parametrov procesora. Jedn\u00fdm z t\u00fdch najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch bola spotreba \u010dipu, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee jednozna\u010dne odhali\u0165, akou technol\u00f3giou bol procesor vyroben\u00fd. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 som chcel, aby bol tester plne automatizovan\u00fd a pri samotnom testovan\u00ed ho nebolo potrebn\u00e9 prestavova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tandardne testery Z80 obsahuj\u00fa pam\u00e4te ROM a RAM, dek\u00f3der pam\u00e4t\u00ed a portov, nieko\u013eko obvodov vstupno-v\u00fdstupn\u00fdch portov a zobrazovacie LED di\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 informuj\u00fa o v\u00fdsledku testov. \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou \u010das\u0165ou je nastavite\u013en\u00fd zdroj hodinov\u00fdch impulzov. Moja snaha bola existuj\u00face rie\u0161enia zjednodu\u0161i\u0165. Vo v\u00fdsledku sa tester uspokojil so siedmimi integrovan\u00fdmi obvodmi okrem samotn\u00e9ho testovan\u00e9ho procesora. S\u00fa to pam\u00e4\u0165 flash a r\u00fdchla RAM, jeden dek\u00f3der, jeden vstupn\u00fd a jeden v\u00fdstupn\u00fd port. Zvy\u0161n\u00e9 dva obvody s\u00fa programovate\u013en\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor a \u010dip merania spotreby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa u\u017e s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 modern\u00e9 obvody a navy\u0161e sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa len v p\u00fazdrach SMT. Tester je doplnen\u00fd o mal\u00fd OLED displeji, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o priebehu a v\u00fdsledku testov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00fd test prebieha v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch f\u00e1zach. Na za\u010diatku sa zmeria nap\u00e4tie a pr\u00fad pretekaj\u00faci Z80 a vypo\u010d\u00edta sa spotreba \u010dipu. N\u00e1sledne sa vykon\u00e1 zn\u00e1my test OUT (C), 0 ,ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov odhali\u0165, \u010di sa jedn\u00e1 o \u010dip vyroben\u00fd NMOS alebo CMOS technol\u00f3giou. Pokia\u013e boli Z80 vyroben\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade licencie firmy Zilog, je a\u017e na v\u00fdnimky nemo\u017en\u00e9 zisti\u0165 konkr\u00e9tneho v\u00fdrobcu. \u010cipy z NDR mali pri reverznom in\u017einierstve opraven\u00fa chybu v pr\u00edkaze OUTI, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje presne identifikova\u0165 procesory tohto p\u00f4vodu. Procesory firmy NEC, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch ZX Spectrum v najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om meradle, sa daj\u00fa zisti\u0165 pod\u013ea nastaven\u00ed nedokumentovan\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov Y a X (alebo F.5 a F.3) stavov\u00e9ho registra po\u010das spracovania in\u0161trukci\u00ed SCF a CCF. Mimochodom, procesor \u03bcPD780 od firmy NEC ofici\u00e1lne nie je procesor Z80, ale procesor \u201eplne pinovo a softv\u00e9rovo kompatibiln\u00fd so Z80\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm z funk\u010dn\u00fdch testov je reakcia na vyvolan\u00e9 preru\u0161enie NMI a INT. Z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fd test je zameran\u00fd na zistenie maxim\u00e1lnej frekvencie hodinov\u00fdch impulzov, pri ktorej je Z80 schopn\u00e1 pracova\u0165 bez ch\u00fdb. Pou\u017eit\u00fd programovate\u013en\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor pracuje na princ\u00edpe prednastavite\u013en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edta\u010da, teda dok\u00e1\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00fa frekvenciu (66MHz) deli\u0165 nastavenou hodnotou od 2 do 1025. Test za\u010d\u00edna na frekvencii 1MHz a st\u00fapa v\u010faka zmene hodnoty deli\u010da a\u017e do 33Mhz. Po ka\u017edej zmene frekvencie test prech\u00e1dza ve\u013ekou sadou in\u0161trukci\u00ed a kontroluje vplyv v\u0161etk\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed na registre a pr\u00edznaky CPU a porovn\u00e1va ich so zn\u00e1mou hodnotou. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee nastane rozpor vo v\u00fdsledku, je za maxim\u00e1lnu hodnotu frekvencie pou\u017eit\u00e1 hodnota z predo\u0161l\u00e9ho testu. Ak test in\u0161trukci\u00ed prejde bez straty bodov, je e\u0161te zmeran\u00e1 hodnota pr\u00fadu, ktor\u00e1 st\u00fapa s pou\u017eitou frekvenciou hlavne u procesorov CMOS. Procesor pri nepodporovan\u00fdch r\u00fdchlostiach m\u00f4\u017ee chybami vo vykon\u00e1van\u00ed in\u0161trukci\u00ed sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 kolaps testera, posledn\u00e1 \u201cdobr\u00e1\u201d hodnota v\u0161ak zost\u00e1va svieti\u0165 na displeji. Pr\u00e1cu testera v\u0161ak treba ukon\u010di\u0165 jeho vypnut\u00edm. Aj tu som zva\u017eoval automatiz\u00e1ciu, ale programovate\u013en\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor nem\u00e1 vstup RESET a mo\u017enos\u0165 vr\u00e1tenia sa na prednastaven\u00fa hodnotu je len vypnut\u00edm. Vyrie\u0161i\u0165 by to \u0161lo doplnen\u00edm mal\u00e9ho mikrokontrol\u00e9ra vo funkcii watchdogu, ktor\u00fd by stav kolapsu dok\u00e1zal identifikova\u0165 a oscil\u00e1tor preprogramova\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 na men\u0161iu frekvenciu. Ale ke\u010f\u017ee sa jedn\u00e1 o jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd a m\u00e1lo vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd tester, je tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enie sk\u00f4r prepychom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testovanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch procesorov Z80, ktor\u00e9 som na\u0161iel v z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch, odhalilo nieko\u013eko falo\u0161n\u00fdch \u010dipov s prezna\u010den\u00fdm popisom, kde sa namiesto r\u00fdchleho a \u00fasporn\u00e9ho CMOS uk\u00e1zal pomal\u00fd NMOS procesor. Testy \u010falej odhalil, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina procesorov zvl\u00e1da a\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fa frekvenciu oproti ud\u00e1vanej hodnote. Treba ma\u0165 v\u0161ak na mysli, \u017ee v\u00fdrobca t\u00fato hodnotu deklaruje tak, aby procesor dlhodobo bez ch\u00fdb pracoval v celom teplotnom rozsahu a pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch odch\u00fdlkach v striede sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Video z testovania mojej zbierky procesorov si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 na Youtube<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Martin ‚M1‘<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dne\u0161n\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok m\u00f4\u017eete \u010d\u00edta\u0165 v\u010faka Martinovi ‚M1‘, ktor\u00fd sa podelil o sk\u00fasenosti s testovan\u00edm na\u0161ich najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch CPU.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-931513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tema-2-hardware-php"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5aqy8-3Ukp","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/931513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=931513"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/931513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":931519,"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/931513\/revisions\/931519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=931513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=931513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sindik.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=931513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}